I tukuna e Arielle McCain, 24 tau te pakeke, he taraiwa Amazon Flex, tētahi mōkihi i te 18 o Tīhema, 2018, i Cambridge, Massachusetts. E ai ki ngā kaiwhakatairanga taiao me ngā tohunga para, he pānga kino ngā pēke kirihou hou a Amazon, kāore e taea te hangarua i roto i ngā ipu hangarua taha o te rori. (Pat Greenhouse/The Boston Globe)
I te tau kua hipa, kua whakaitihia e Amazon te nui o ngā taonga e tākaihia ana ki roto i ngā pouaka kātene, kua whakamahia he mēra kirihou māmā, ā, nā tēnei i taea ai e te toa hokohoko nui te whakauru atu i ngā mōkihi ki roto i ngā taraka tuku me ngā waka rererangi.
Heoi, e ai ki ngā kaiwhakahau taiao me ngā tohunga para, he pānga kino kei te pā mai ki ngā momo putea kirihou hou kāore e taea te hangarua i roto i ngā ipu hangarua taha o te rori.
"He rite tonu ngā raruraru o ngā takai a Amazon ki ngā putea kirihou, kāore e taea te wehewehe i roto i tā mātou pūnaha hangarua, ā, ka mau ki roto i ngā mīhini," te kī a Lisa Se, te kaiwhakahaere kaupapa i te King County Solid Waste Division, e tirotiro ana i te hangarua i King County, Washington. E ai ki a Lisa Sepanski, kei reira te tari matua o Amazon. "Me mahi te tangata hei tapahi i a rātou. Me whakamutu e rātou te mīhini."
Ko te wā hararei tata nei te wā tino pukumahi mō te hokohoko ipurangi, ko te tikanga he nui ake ngā tuku - ka hua ake he nui ngā para o ngā takai. Hei tūāpapa i muri i te haurua o ngā tauwhitinga hokohoko ipurangi katoa i te tau 2018, ko Amazon te kaitā me te kaihanga para nui rawa atu, ā, he kaiwhakatakoto ia i ngā au, e ai ki a eMarketer, ko te tikanga ko tana nekehanga ki te mēra kirihou he tohu pea i tētahi panonitanga mō te umanga whānui. Ko ētahi atu kaihokohoko e whakamahi ana i ngā mēra kirihou rite ko Target, i kore e kōrero.
E rua ngā raruraru o te mēra kirihou: me hangarua takitahi, ā, ki te mutu ki te awa noa, ka taea e rātou te whakararuraru i te pūnaha hangarua, ā, ka ārai i te hangarua o ngā paihere rauemi nunui. E ai ki ngā kaitautoko taiao, me kaha ake a Amazon, he kamupene nui o te umanga, ki te whakatenatena i ngā kaihoko ki te hangarua i ngā mēra kirihou, mā te tuku atu i ētahi atu mātauranga me ētahi atu wāhi hei mahi pera.
"Kei te kaha mātou ki te whakapai ake i ā mātou kōwhiringa mōkihi me te hangarua, ā, kua whakaitihia e mātou te para mōkihi o te ao mā te neke atu i te 20 ōrau i te tau 2018," te kī a te kaikorero a Amazon, a Melanie Janin, me te tāpiri atu kei te whakarato a Amazon i ngā mōhiohio hangarua i runga i tana paetukutuku. (Ko Jeff Bezos, te Tumu Whakahaere o Amazon, te rangatira o The Washington Post.)
E ai ki ētahi tohunga para, ko te whāinga a Amazon ki te whakaiti i te kātene matotoru te mahi tika. He pai ētahi painga o te mēra kirihou mō te taiao. Ki te whakaritea ki ngā pouaka, he iti ake te wāhi e nohoia ana e rātou i roto i ngā ipu me ngā taraka, ka piki ake te pai o te tuku kaipuke. Ko te whakaputanga, te whakamahinga me te whakakorenga o te kiriata kirihou ka iti ake ngā hau kati kōtuhi ka tukuna, ā, he iti ake te hinu e pau ana i te kātene hangarua, e ai ki a David Allawi, te kaitātari kaupapa here matua mō te kaupapa whakahaere rauemi i te Tari Kounga Taiao o Oregon.
He tino iti te utu, he roa hoki te mau o te kirihou, ā, he maha ngā kamupene e whakamahi ana mō te takai. Engari he maha ngā kaihoko e maka ana i ngā pēke kirihou ki roto i te ipu hangarua. E ai ki ngā tohunga, ka mawhiti te mēra kirihou i te aro o ngā mīhini whakarōpū, ka uru ki roto i ngā pēke pepa kua tākaihia hei hangarua, ka poke te pēke katoa, ka nui ake te pānga pai o te whakaiti i ngā tuku pepa nui. He nui ngā utu o ngā pēke pepa i te mākete o te ao, ā, kua roa e whai hua ana i roto i te umanga hangarua. Engari he tino uaua ki te hoko ngā pēke—he maha e tukuna ana hei hangarua nā ngā ture pakari ake i Haina—ā, he maha ngā kamupene hangarua o te Tai Hauāuru me maka atu. (Ko te takai tētahi o ngā pūtake o te parahanga kirihou mai i ngā pēke pepa hei hangarua.)
"I te mea ka uaua haere, ka māmā haere te takai, me tere ake te tukatuka i ngā rauemi kia puta ai te hua ōrite. He nui te hua? Ko te whakautu i tēnei rā ko te kāo," te kī a Pete Keller, te tumuaki tuarua o te hangarua i Republic Services. , ko te kamupene tētahi o ngā kaikawe para nui rawa atu i te Hononga o Amerika. "He nui te mahi me te tiaki i ia rā, ā, he nui hoki te utu."
I roto i ngā tau 10 kua pahure ake nei, kua whakaitihia e Amazon ngā tākai koretake, ka tākaihia ngā hua ki roto i ā rātou pouaka taketake i ngā wā katoa e taea ana, i roto rānei i ngā tākai māmā rawa atu. I kī a Janin o Amazon kua huri te kamupene ki ngā mēra kirihou māmā i te tau kua pahure ake nei hei wāhanga o tētahi mahi nui ake hei whakaiti i ngā para tākai me ngā utu whakahaere. E tuhituhi ana a Janin kei te "whakawhanui ake a Amazon i te kaha o ngā mēra ārai ka taea te hangarua katoa ka taea te hangarua i roto i te awa hangarua pepa."
Ko tētahi o ngā kamupene torutoru o Fortune 500 kāore e tuku ana i tētahi pūrongo kawenga pāpori, pūrongo oranga tonutanga rānei, e kī ana te kamupene kei Seattle kua whakaitihia e tana kaupapa tākai "kore-pōuri" te para tākai mā te 16 ōrau, ā, kua whakakorea te hiahia mō te neke atu i te 305 miriona pouaka kaipuke. 2017.
"Ki taku whakaaro, ko te utu me te mahi te take o tā rātou neke ki te takai ngāwari, engari ko te iti hoki o te tapuwae waro," te kī a Nina Goodrich, te kaiwhakahaere o te Sustainable Packaging Alliance. Ko ia te kaiwhakahaere o te tohu How2Recycle, i tīmata te puta ki runga i te mēra kirihou whakakīkī a Amazon i te Hakihea 2017, hei taahiraa ki te mātauranga kaihoko.
Ko tētahi atu raruraru o ngā mēra hou kua whakakiia ki te kirihou ko te tāpiri a Amazon me ētahi atu kaihokohoko i ngā tapanga wāhitau pepa, ā, kāore e pai mō te hangarua, ahakoa i ngā wāhi tuku taonga i roto i te toa. Me tango ngā tapanga hei wehewehe i te pepa mai i te kirihou kia taea ai te hangarua anō i te rauemi.
"Ka taea e ngā kamupene te tango i ngā rauemi pai ka hanga kia kore e taea te hangarua i runga i ngā tapanga, ngā piripiri, ngā waituhi rānei," te kī a Goodrich.
I tēnei wā, ka taea te hangarua i ēnei mēra Amazon kua whakakiia ki te kirihou ina tangohia te tapanga e ngā kaihoko, ā, ka haria te mēra ki tētahi wāhi tuku mēra i waho o ētahi mekameka. Whai muri i te horoi, te whakamaroke me te whakakotahi, ka taea te whakarewa i te kirihou ka hangaia hei rakau hiato mō te papa. Ko ngā tāone e aukati ana i ngā putea kirihou, pērā i te kāinga o Amazon i Seattle, he iti ake ngā wāhi tuku mēra.
E ai ki tētahi Pūrongo Porowhita Kati mō te Hangarua i te US i te tau 2017, e 4 ōrau noa iho o te kiriata kirihou e kohia ana i roto i ngā whare o te US ka hangarua mā roto i ngā kaupapa kohikohi i roto i ngā toa hoko kai me ngā toa hokohoko nui. Ko tētahi atu 96% ka huri hei para, ahakoa ka maka ki te hangarua taha o te rori, ka mutu ki te whenua ururua.
Ko ētahi whenua e hiahia ana kia nui ake te kawenga pūtea me te whakahaere a ngā kamupene mō ā rātou hua i muri i te whakamahinga a ngā kaihoko. I roto i ēnei pūnaha, ka utua ngā kamupene i runga i te nui o te para i puta mai i ā rātou hua me te takai.
Hei whakatutuki i ana herenga ture, ka utua e Amazon ēnei utu i ētahi whenua i waho o te Hononga o Amerika. Kua pāngia kē a Amazon e ēnei pūnaha i Kanata, e ai ki te rōpū kore-moni a Canadian Managed Services Alliance, e tautoko ana i ngā kaupapa i ngā kawanatanga.
I roto i te whānuitanga o ngā ture hangarua o te US, kāore anō kia manakohia ēnei whakaritenga e te kāwanatanga ā-motu, engari mō ngā rauemi motuhake, paitini, me ngā rauemi whai hua pērā i ngā hikohiko me ngā pākahiko.
E ai ki ngā tohunga, ka taea e ngā rūma raka tūturu e rāhuitia ana e Amazon mō ngā kaihoko ki te whakahoki mai i ngā hua te tango i ngā takai kua whakamahia, me te tāpiri atu ka taea e Amazon te tukurua i te kirihou hei whakamahi ā muri ake nei i roto i āna mēra tuku.
"Ka taea e rātou te mahi tohatoha whakamuri, ka whakahokia mai ngā rauemi ki roto i tā rātou pūnaha tohatoha. Kei te tino hira haere ēnei wāhi kohikohinga mō te watea o ngā kaihoko," te kī a Scott Cassell, te tumuaki matua o te Institute for Product Management, nāna i whakahaere te rangahau. Waihoki, he kamupene e arotahi ana ki te whakaiti i te pānga taiao o ngā hua kaihoko. "Engari ka utua he moni mā rātou."
Wā tuku: 29 Paenga-whāwhā 2022