Ā, me pēhea te putea pepa kraft i te rautau 19?

Ā, me pēhea te putea pepa kraft i te rautau 19?

I te rautau 19, i mua i te taenga mai o te hokohoko nui, he mea noa te hokohoko a te tangata i ā rātou taonga o ia rā i te toa hoko kai e tata ana ki te wāhi i mahi ai rātou, i noho ai rānei. He ānini te hoko taonga o ia rā i muri i te tukunga nui ki ngā toa hoko kai i roto i ngā oko, i ngā putea kakahu, i ngā pouaka rakau rānei. Ko ngā kete, ngā putea rinena rānei i hangaia i te kāinga anake ka taea e te tangata te haere ki te hokohoko. I taua wā, ko ngā rauemi mata o te pepa he muka jute me te pane rinena tawhito, he iti te kounga, he onge hoki, ā, kāore i taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te tā nūpepa. I te tau 1844 pea, i hangaia e te Tiamana a Friedrich Kohler te tikanga hanga pepa penupenu rakau, i tino whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te umanga pepa, ā, i whānau mai ai te tuatahi o ngā mahi hokohoko.putea pepa krafti roto i te hītori.

I te tau 1852, nā Francis Waller, he tohunga tipu o Amerika, i hanga te tuatahiputea pepa kraftmīhini hanga, i whakatairangatia ki Parani, ki Peretānia me ētahi atu whenua Pākehā. Nō muri mai, ka whānau mai te papa rakaungā putea pepa kraftme te ahunga whakamua oputea pepa kraftnā te hangarau tuitui i whakakapia ai ngā putea miro e whakamahia ana mō te kawe utanga nui engā putea pepa kraft.

Ina tae ki te tuatahiputea pepa kraft paraurimō te hokohoko, i whānau mai i te tau 1908 i St. Paul, Minnesota. I tīmata a Walter Duverna, he rangatira toa hoko kai o te rohe, ki te rapu huarahi hei kukume i ngā kaihoko ki te hoko atu i ngā mea maha i te wā kotahi hei whakapiki i ngā hoko. I whakaaro a Duverna he putea kua oti te hanga, he iti te utu, he ngāwari hoki te whakamahi, ā, ka taea te pupuri i te iti rawa 75 pauna. Whai muri i ngā whakamātautau maha, ka noho ia hei kounga o te rauemi o tēnei putea raka ki runga i tepepa kraft parauri, nā te mea he roa ake te penupenu muka rakau koniferi e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukanga tunu kai, he iti ake te tukatuka matū houra kaustiki me te matū whanariki kawakawa, ka iti ake te kaha o te kino o te muka rakau taketake, nō reira i hangaia ai ki te pepa, he tata te hononga i waenga i te muka, he pakari te pepa, ka taea te tu atu i te taumahatanga me te pēhanga nui me te kore e pakaru. E whā tau i muri mai, ko te tuatahiputea pepa kraft paraurii hangaia mō te hokohoko. He tapawhā hāngai kei raro, ā, he nui ake te rahinga i te āhua-V tuku ihoputea pepa kraftKa rere he taura mā raro me ngā taha o te putea hei whakanui ake i tōna kaha ki te pikau i te kawenga, ā, e rua ngā tō ngāwari ki te hapai ka puta ki runga i te putea. I tapaina e Duverna te putea hokohoko ki tōna ingoa, ā, i patenthia e ia i te tau 1915. I taua wā, neke atu i te kotahi miriona o ēnei putea e hokona ana i ia tau.

Te āhua o te parauringā putea pepa kraftkua hurihia te whakaaro tuku iho ko te nui o ngā mea ka taea te hoko me herea noa ki te nui o ngā mea ka taea te kawe e ngā ringa e rua, ā, kua kore hoki ngā kaihoko e manukanuka ki te kore e kawe, ka whakaiti i te ahuareka o te hokohoko tonu. He whakanui pea te kī ko teputea pepa kraft paraurii whakatairanga i te hokohoko whānui, engari i whakakitea ki ngā pakihi kāore e taea te matapae i te maha o ngā mea ka hokona e ngā kaihoko kia tae rā anō ki te wā e pai ai, e marino ai, e watea ai hoki te wheako hokohoko. Koinei tonu te take e whakanui ai ngā kaihoko i te wheako hokohoko, ā, e whakatairanga ana hoki i te whanaketanga o te kete hokomaha me te kaata hokohoko i muri mai.

I te haurua rautau i muri mai, ka whanake te tae parauripepa kraft ngā putea hokohokoKa taea te kī he maeneene, mā te whakapai ake i te rauemi ka piki haere tonu tōna kaha ki te kawe, kua tino ataahua te āhua, kua tāia e ngā kaihanga ngā momo tohu hokohoko katoa, ngā tauira ki runga i ngā putea pepa kraft parauri, ki roto i ngā toa me ngā toa i ngā tiriti. Tae noa ki waenganui o te rautau 20, ko te putanga mai o ngā putea hokohoko kirihou tētahi atu hurihanga nui i roto i te hītori whanaketanga o ngā putea hokohoko. He angiangi, he kaha ake, he iti ake te utu ki te hanga i ngā painga pēnei i te putea pepa kraft parauri rongonui i mua. Mai i taua wā, kua noho ngā putea kirihou hei whiringa tuatahi mō te kai o ia rā, ko ngā putea hiako kau kua "hoki haere ki te raina tuarua".

Hei whakamutunga, kua memeha teputea pepa kraft paraurika taea anake te whakamahi i raro i te ingoa o te "nostalgia", te "taiao" me te "tiaki taiao" mō tētahi rōpū iti o ngā hua tiaki kiri, ngā kākahu me ngā pukapuka, ngā takai hua oro me te ataata.

Engari kei te huri te aro o ngā kaitiaki taiao ki ngā mea tawhito nā te mea he ia o te ao e ārai ana i te kirihou.putea pepa kraft parauriMai i te tau 2006, kua āta whakauru mai a McDonald's Haina i tētahi pūnaha whakamahanaputea pepa kraft paraurimō ngā kai tango kai i roto i ana toa katoa, me te whakakapi i te whakamahinga o ngā putea kai kirihou. Kua tautokona tēnei nekehanga e ētahi atu kaihokohoko, pērā i a Nike me Adidas, he kaihoko nui i mua mō ngā putea kirihou, ā, kei te whakakapi i ngā putea hokohoko kirihou ki ngā putea pepa parauri kounga teitei.