Kua kitea anō te kirihou i ngā wāhi katoa o te moana. I tana ruku ki raro i te Mariana Trench, e kiia ana i tae ki te 35,849 putu te teitei, i kī te kaipakihi o Dallas, a Victor Vescovo, kua kitea e ia tētahi putea kirihou. Ehara i te mea ko te wā tuatahi tēnei: ko te wā tuatoru tēnei kua kitea te kirihou i te wāhi hohonu rawa o te moana.
I ruku a Vescovo i roto i tētahi poka wai i te 28 o Paenga-whāwhā hei wāhanga o tana haerenga "Rima Hōhonutanga", tae atu ki tētahi haerenga ki ngā wāhi hohonu rawa o ngā moana o te ao. I roto i ngā haora e whā a Vescovo i te raro o te Mariana Trench, i kitea e ia ētahi momo mea ora o te moana, ko tētahi o ēnei he momo hou pea – he putea kirihou me ngā takai monamona.
He iti noa iho kua tae ki ēnei hōhonutanga tino nui. Ko te miihini Huiterangi a Jacques Piccard me te Rūtene o te Navy o Amerika a Don Walsh ngā tuatahi i te tau 1960. I totohu a James Cameron, te kaihōpara me te kaihanga kiriata o te National Geographic, ki te takere o te moana i te tau 2012. I tuhia e Cameron tētahi ruku ki te hōhonutanga o te 35,787 putu, he tata noa ki te 62 putu i kīia e Vescovo kua tae ki reira.
He rerekē te kirihou i te tangata, he ngāwari te taka. I te tīmatanga o tēnei tau, i tangohia he tauira o ngā amphipod mai i ngā rua e ono o te moana hohonu, tae atu ki ngā Marianas, i roto i tētahi rangahau, ā, i kitea kua horomia katoatia e rātou ngā kirihou moroiti.
I roto i tētahi rangahau i whakaputaina i te Oketopa 2018, i tuhia te kirihou hohonu rawa atu e mōhiotia ana — he putea hokohoko pakarukaru — i kitea i roto i te Mariana Trench i te hohonutanga o te 36,000 putu. I kitea e ngā kaipūtaiao mā te tirotiro i te Deep Sea Debris Database, kei roto ko ngā whakaahua me ngā ataata o ngā ruku e 5,010 i roto i ngā tau 30 kua hipa.
O ngā para kua wehea i roto i te pātengi raraunga, ko te kirihou te mea tino kitea, ko ngā putea kirihou te pūtake nui rawa atu o ngā para kirihou. Ko ētahi atu para i ahu mai i ngā rauemi pēnei i te rapa, te konganuku, te rakau me te papanga.
Tae atu ki te 89% o ngā kirihou i roto i te rangahau he mea whakamahi kotahi, arā, ko ērā ka whakamahia kotahi noa iho, kātahi ka maka atu, pērā i ngā pounamu wai kirihou, i ngā taputapu kai whakakorekore rānei.
Ehara te Mariana Trench i te poka pōuri kore ora, he maha ngā tāngata e noho ana i reira. I tūhuratia e te NOAA Okeanos Explorer ngā hohonutanga o te rohe i te tau 2016, ā, i kitea he maha ngā momo ora, tae atu ki ngā momo pēnei i te korara, te tiēre me te wheke. I kitea anō hoki i roto i te rangahau o te tau 2018 e 17 ōrau o ngā whakaahua kirihou i tuhia ki roto i te pātengi raraunga e whakaatu ana i tētahi momo taunekeneke ki ngā mea ora o te moana, pēnei i te mauherehere o ngā kararehe i roto i ngā paru.
He whānui te kirihou kotahi-whakamahinga, ā, ka roa pea ngā rau tau, neke atu rānei, ka pirau i te ngahere. E ai ki tētahi rangahau i te Hui-tanguru 2017, he teitei ake ngā taumata parahanga i roto i te Mariana Trench i ētahi wāhi i ētahi o ngā awa tino parahanga o Haina. E kī ana ngā kaituhi o te rangahau, ko ngā matū parahanga i roto i ngā awaawa, tera pea i ahu mai i te kirihou i roto i te pou wai.
Ka kitea e ngā noke ngongo (whero), te tuna me te pāpaka hīkoi tētahi wāhi e tata ana ki tētahi pūaha waiariki. (Akohia ngā momo kararehe rerekē o ngā pūaha waiariki hohonu rawa o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa.)
Ahakoa ka taea e te kirihou te uru tika ki te moana, pērā i ngā para e pupuhihia ana e ngā takutai moana, e panga ana rānei i ngā poti, i kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau i whakaputaina i te tau 2017 ko te nuinga o te kirihou ka uru ki te moana mai i ngā awa tekau e rere ana i roto i ngā kāinga tangata.
Ko ngā taputapu hī ika kua whakarērea tētahi atu pūtake nui o te parahanga kirihou, ā, i roto i tētahi rangahau i whakaputaina i te marama o Poutū-te-rangi 2018, e whakaatu ana ko te nuinga o ngā rauemi nei te mea nui o te Great Pacific Garbage Patch e rere ana i waenganui i a Hawai'i me California.
Ahakoa he nui ake te kirihou i roto i te moana i tō te putea kirihou kotahi, kua whanake te taonga mai i te kupu whakarite noa iho mō te hau ki te tauira o te nui o te pānga o te tangata ki te ao.
© 2015-2022 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Pūmau te mana.
Wā tuku: 30 o Ākuhata 2022